Why does Gaza need urgent telecommunications restoration?
The war has destroyed much of Gaza’s already fragile telecommunications infrastructure, leaving its people disconnected.
Without reliable communication: Civilians cannot contact emergency services, leading to avoidable deaths. Humanitarian organizations cannot coordinate aid delivery effectively. Doctors and health workers cannot consult specialists abroad, further endangering lives. Families are cut off from loved ones, compounding psychological distress.
What does it mean that Gaza is stuck with 2G while the rest of the world uses 4G and 5G?
Gaza’s telecommunications sector has been intentionally restricted to outdated 2G technology, even though the rest of the world has largely transitioned to 4G and 5G networks.
2G technology only supports basic voice calls and text messaging (SMS). It does not provide high-speed data or reliable internet services, making it impossible to use modern applications like video conferencing, online education, or telemedicine.
Modern networks (4G and 5G) allow for high-speed internet, seamless streaming, and advanced connectivity essential for digital economies, emergency services, and education.
Israel has consistently denied the Palestinian telecom sector access to the necessary spectrum and equipment for 4G/5G, citing security concerns. This restriction is a deliberate policy that hampers Gaza’s economic growth, digital inclusion, and access to critical services.
What are fiber optics, and why is Gaza denied access to them?
Fiber optics are cables made of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light signals to transmit data at extremely high speeds. They are essential for modern telecommunications because they provide faster, more reliable internet connections compared to traditional copper cables. They support large amounts of data transfer, essential for video conferencing, use of cloud services, and advanced technologies.
Gaza lacks fiber optics because all international connectivity in Gaza is routed through Israeli-controlled networks. Fiber optic connections to neighboring countries like Egypt or Jordan are restricted, leaving Gaza dependent on Israel for internet access. Israel has also blocked the import of necessary infrastructure and equipment, citing security concerns, further isolating Gaza from the global digital economy.
What are C.O.W.s (Cells on Wheels), and why are they critical for Gaza right now?
C.O.W.s, or "Cells on Wheels," are portable mobile cellular towers that provide temporary network and wireless coverage in areas where cellular service is compromised. C.O.W.s are mounted on vehicles or trailers, equipped with antennas and power sources, and can quickly boost capacity and restore mobile connectivity in the areas they’re deployed in. With 75% of Gaza’s telecom infrastructure damaged, deploying C.O.W.s can provide immediate mobile coverage for emergency services and humanitarian organizations, allow displaced populations to contact loved ones and access critical information, and support temporary relief efforts while permanent infrastructure is rebuilt.
Why does Israel restrict essential telecommunications equipment from entering Gaza?
The Israeli government imposes severe restrictions on the import of telecommunications equipment, citing security concerns. These restrictions include: Delays and bans on importing equipment like routers, antennas, and fiber optic cables. Bureaucratic obstacles that make it nearly impossible for Palestinian telecom companies to modernize their infrastructure. Additionally, Israel often labels telecom equipment as "dual-use" items, claiming they could be repurposed for military applications, despite their clear necessity for civilian use.
The impact of these restrictions is that Gaza’s telecom sector remains underdeveloped, with outdated infrastructure incapable of meeting modern demands. Also, maintenance and repair are delayed, worsening the impact of damage caused by airstrikes or other military actions.
What role does the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) play?
The ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies. In June 2024, the ITU passed a resolution to support Palestine in rebuilding its telecom sector. The ITU can facilitate technical and financial assistance for restoring Gaza’s telecom infrastructure, advocate for the protection of telecom infrastructure during conflicts, and coordinate with international donors and stakeholders to ensure Gaza’s connectivity is prioritized.
Despite the ITU’s efforts, progress has been slow due to Israel’s continued control over Gaza’s telecom sector and its refusal to allow the necessary upgrades or imports.
How does the destruction of telecom infrastructure impact humanitarian aid?
The destruction of telecommunications infrastructure creates significant barriers to humanitarian aid, such as that aid organizations cannot communicate effectively to deliver food, water, and medical supplies. Also, without reliable communication, rescue operations are hindered, leading to higher casualties. Lastly, digital platforms for aid distribution, such as e-vouchers or mobile banking, cannot function without connectivity.
How does connectivity relate to documenting war crimes?
Telecommunications enable civilians, journalists, and organizations to document and share evidence of atrocities in real time. The blackout in Gaza prevents journalists from reporting on the situation. Human rights organizations lose access to crucial documentation that could be used in international courts. Without communication, raising awareness and mobilizing support becomes nearly impossible.
What can individuals do to help?
01. Sign the Petition: Add your voice to the global call for restoring Gaza’s telecom infrastructure and establishing an independent ICT sector.
02. Raise Awareness: Share campaign materials on social media using the hashtag #ReconnectGaza.
03. Contact Representatives: Urge your local government to support Gaza’s telecom recovery and advocate for international pressure on Israel to allow critical infrastructure upgrades.
04. Support Immediate Solutions: Donate to initiatives providing satellite phones, portable Wi-Fi hotspots, and e-SIMs to Gaza.